Semen Test: Purpose, Procedure, Normal Range & Results Explained
What is a Semen Test?
A Semen Test, also known as Semen Analysis, is a laboratory test performed to evaluate male fertility. It examines the quantity and quality of semen and sperm, including sperm count, motility (movement), shape, and other factors that play a vital role in conception.
Doctors often recommend semen tests for couples facing infertility issues or when assessing the success of vasectomy procedures.
Why is Semen Test Done?
A semen analysis is done to:
- Check male fertility potential
- Evaluate sperm count, motility, and morphology
- Diagnose infertility causes in couples
- Confirm the success of vasectomy
- Detect infections or reproductive system disorders
Semen Test Normal Range (WHO Guidelines)
| Parameter | Normal Range |
| Semen Volume | 1.5 ml or more |
| Sperm Count | 15 million per ml or more |
| Total Motility | 40% or more |
| Progressive Motility | 32% or more |
| Normal Morphology | 4% or more |
| pH Level | 7.2 – 8.0 |
| White Blood Cells | Few or none |
How is a Semen Test Performed?
Sample Collection – The semen sample is usually collected through masturbation in a sterile container at the lab. Sometimes, collection at home is allowed, but the sample must be delivered within 30–60 minutes.
Lab Examination – The sample is analyzed under a microscope to check:
- Sperm count (number of sperm cells)
- Motility (movement ability)
- Morphology (shape and structure)
- Semen volume, pH, and viscosity
Results Interpretation – The doctor reviews the report and may suggest further tests if abnormal values are found.
What Does an Abnormal Semen Test Indicate?
- Low sperm count: May indicate infertility, hormonal imbalance, or testicular problems.
- Poor motility: Reduces the chance of sperm reaching the egg.
- Abnormal morphology: Irregular shape affects fertilization ability.
- Low semen volume: Could suggest blocked ducts or prostate issues.
Semen Test Cost
The semen test is affordable. In India, it usually costs between ₹300 to ₹800, while globally, it may range from $20 to $50, depending on the laboratory
Conclusion
A semen test is one of the most important male fertility tests. It helps doctors diagnose infertility and reproductive issues. If the results are abnormal, advanced treatments like IUI, IVF, or lifestyle modifications may be recommended.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1. Is fasting required before semen test?
No, fasting is not required. However, men are advised to abstain from ejaculation for 2–7 days before the test.
Q2. Can semen test detect infertility?
Yes, semen analysis provides essential information about sperm health and can indicate infertility issues, but further tests may be required.
Q3. How long does semen test take?
The collection takes a few minutes, and the lab report is usually available within 24 hours.
Q4. Can lifestyle affect semen quality?
Yes. Smoking, alcohol, stress, poor diet, and lack of exercise can negatively impact semen quality.